工作需要，对公司的MYSQL数据库进行备份，赶上刚刚开始学python，看了一套简单的python教学视频，简单的写了个备份脚本，个人表示 对python 的class 、function、build-in function 、私有变量、全局变量 等等，该怎么用，啥时候用等 毫无概念 ，仅此记录一下吧，也欢迎路过的pythoner赐教。
个人已知的一些问题：
1、该脚本必须要求 mysql配置文件内的所有行为 key=value的格式，并且不能存在多余的注释，否则ConfigParser模块解析配置文件时会出错，由于没研究过ConfigParser是不是有容错的方法可以调用，也没时间写容错处理，而是通过整理my.ini 配置文件使其符合ConfigParser的要求解决的。后面会附上我用的mysql配置文件。
2、大量使用类私有成员变量，因为完全不知道python 变量、类方法、等等啥时候该私有化，以及有啥区别，只知道类私有成员变量在别的脚本中import 或者继承时，是不可见的。
3、比较多的进行文件操作，以及传值操作，目前只保证按正确格式传值没问题，没有做多余的容错处理。 4、大量的在进行字符串拼接，第一次写运维相关脚本，由于要调用系统命令，和传递很多参数，也不会subprocess模块，不知道别人写运维脚本都具体咋做，就直接拼接了。
5、其他未知的bug、未发现的逻辑错误等等。
环境：
- Server : Dell PowerEdge T110
- OS: CentOS 6.3_x86_64
- PythonVersion: 2.7.3
- MysqlVersion: 5.5.28 linux x86_64
#!/usr/bin/env python# coding: utf8# script MysqlBackupScript# by Becareful# version v1.0 """This scripts provides auto backup mysql(version == 5.5.x) database .""" import osimport sysimport datetime #用于生成备份文件的日期import linecache #用于读取文件的指定行import ConfigParser #解析mysql配置文件 class DatabaseArgs(object): """ """ __MYSQL_BASE_DIR = r'/usr/local/mysql' #mysql安装目录 __MYSQL_BIN_DIR = __MYSQL_BASE_DIR + '/bin' #mysql二进制目录 __MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE = r'/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf' #mysql配置文件 __ONEDAY = datetime.timedelta(days=1) #一天的时长，用于计算下面的前一天和后一天日期 __TODAY = datetime.date.today() #当天日期格式为 YYYY-MM-DD __YESTERDAY = __TODAY - __ONEDAY #计算昨天日期 __TOMORROW = __TODAY + __ONEDAY #计算明天日期 __WEEKDAY = __TODAY.strftime('%w') #计算当天是一星期的星期几 __MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS = { #用一个字典存储mysqldump 命令备份数据库的参数 'MYISAM': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B ', 'INNODB': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F --single-transaction -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B ' } __DUMP_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqldump' #mysqldump 命令的 路径 用于dump mysql数据 __FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqladmin' #mysqladmin 命令的路径 ，用于执行 flush-logs 生成每天增量binlog __BACKUP_DIR = r'/backup/' # 指定备份文件存放的目录 __PROJECTNAME = 'example' # 指定需要备份的数据库对应的项目名，将来会生成 projectname-YYYY-MM-DD.sql 等文件 __DATABASE_LIST = [] # 指定需要备份的数据库名，可以是多个，使用列表 __HOST = 'localhost' __PORT = 3306 __USERNAME = 'root' __PASSWORD = '' __LOGINARGS = '' # 如果在localhost登陆，需要密码，可以设定登陆的参数，具体在下面有说明 __LOGFILE = __BACKUP_DIR + '/backup.logs' def __init__(self, baseDir=__MYSQL_BASE_DIR, backDir=__BACKUP_DIR, engine='MYISAM', projectName=__PROJECTNAME, dbList=__DATABASE_LIST, host=__HOST, port=__PORT, user=__USERNAME, passwd=__PASSWORD): """ 实例化对象时传入的参数，如不传入默认使用类的私有成员变量作为默认值 :param baseDir: :param backDir: :param engine: :param projectName: :param dbList: :param host: :param port: :param user: :param passwd: """ self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR = baseDir self.__BACKUP_DIR = backDir self.__PROJECTNAME = projectName self.__DATABASE_LIST = dbList self.__HOST = host self.__PORT = port self.__USERNAME = user self.__PASSWORD = passwd self.__ENGINE = self.__MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS[engine] #下面定义了如需登陆时，参数 其实就是生成 这样的格式 “-hlocalhost -uroot --password=‘xxxx’” self.__LOGINARGS = " -h" + self.__HOST + " -P" + str( self.__PORT) + " -u" + self.__USERNAME + " --password='" + self.__PASSWORD + "'" self.checkDatabaseArgs() #调用检查函数 def __getconfig(self, cnf=__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE, item=None): # 解析mysql配置文件的小函数，简单封装了下，传入一个值作为my.cnf的key去查找对应的value __mycnf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() __mycnf.read(cnf) try: return __mycnf.get("mysqld", item) except BaseException, e: sys.stderr.write(str(e)) sys.exit(1) def __getBinlogPath(self): # 取每天需要增量备份的binlog日志的绝对路径，从mysql的binlog.index文件取倒数第二行 __BINLOG_INDEX = self.__getconfig(item='log-bin') + '.index' if not os.path.isfile(__BINLOG_INDEX): sys.stderr.write('BINLOG INDEX FILE: [' + __BINLOG_INDEX + ' ] NOT FOUND! n') sys.exit(1) else: try: __BINLOG_PATH = linecache.getline(__BINLOG_INDEX, len(open(__BINLOG_INDEX, 'r').readlines()) - 1) linecache.clearcache() except BaseException, e: sys.stderr.write(str(e)) sys.exit(1) return __BINLOG_PATH.strip() def flushDatabaseBinlog(self): # 调用此函数，将会执行 mysqladmin flush-logs ,刷新binlog日志 return os.popen(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + ' flush-logs') def dumpDatabaseSQL(self): #|通过mysqladmin 对指定数据库进行全备 if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql'): return os.popen(self.__DUMP_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + self.__ENGINE + ' '.join( self.__DATABASE_LIST) + ' >> ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str( self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql') else: sys.stderr.write('Backup File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql] already exists.n') def dumpDatabaseBinlog(self):#通过copy2() 将需要备份的binlog日志复制到指定备份目录 if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1]): from shutil import copy2 try: copy2(self.__getBinlogPath(), self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1]) except BaseException, e: sys.stderr.write(str(e)) else: sys.stderr.write('Binlog File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1] + '] already existsn' ) def checkDatabaseArgs(self): #对一些必要条件进行检查 __rv = 0 if not os.path.isdir(self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR): #检查指定的mysql安装目录是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL BASE DIR: [ ' + self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR + ' ] NOT FOUNDn') __rv += 1 if not os.path.isdir(self.__BACKUP_DIR): #检查指定的备份目录是否存在，如不存在自动创建 sys.stderr.write('BACKUP DIR: [ ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + ' ] NOT FOUND ,AUTO CREATEDn') os.makedirs(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME) if not os.path.isfile(self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE): #检查mysql配置文件是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL CONFIG FILE: [' + self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE + ' ] NOT FOUNDn') __rv += 1 if not os.path.isfile(self.__DUMP_COMMAND): #检查备份数据库时使用的mysqldump命令是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL DUMP COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUNDn') __rv += 1 if not os.path.isfile(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND): #检查刷新mysql binlog日志使用的mysqladmin命令是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL FLUSH LOG COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUNDn') __rv += 1 if not self.__DATABASE_LIST: #检查需要备份的数据库列表是否存在 sys.stderr.write('Database List is None n') __rv += 1 if __rv: # 判断返回值，由于上述任何一步检查失败，都会导致 __rv 值 +1 ，只要最后__rv ！= 0就直接退出了。 sys.exit(1) def crontab(): # 使用字典，来进行相关参数传递，并实例化对象，调用相关方法进行操作 zabbix = { 'baseDir': '/usr/local/mysql/', 'backDir': '/backup/', 'projectName': 'Monitor', 'dbList': ['zabbix'], 'host': 'localhost', 'port': 3306, 'user': 'root', 'passwd': 'xxxxxxx' } monitor = DatabaseArgs(**zabbix) monitor.dumpDatabaseSQL() monitor.dumpDatabaseBinlog() monitor.flushDatabaseBinlog() if __name__ == '__main__': crontab()[client]port = 3306socket = /mysql/var/db.socket [mysqld]socket = /mysql/var/db.socketdatadir = /mysql/db/skip-external-locking = 1skip-innodb = 0 key_buffer_size = 256Mmax_allowed_packet = 10Mtable_open_cache = 2048sort_buffer_size = 4Mread_buffer_size = 4Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 8Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 1Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recover = DEFAULTthread_cache_size = 32query_cache_size = 32Mquery_cache_min_res_unit = 2kbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mtmp_table_size = 128Mthread_stack = 192Kskip-name-resolve = 1max_connections = 65500default-storage-engine = myisamfederated = 0server-id = 1slave-skip-errors = all#log = /var/log/sql_query.logslow-query-log = 1slow-query-log-file = /mysql/log/sql_query_slow.loglong-query-time = 5log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1log-slow-admin-statements = 1log-bin = /mysql/var/log/binlog/bin-loglog-error = /mysql/var/log/mysql.errmaster-info-file = /mysql/var/log/master.inforelay-log = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-binrelay-log-index = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.indexrelay-log-info-file = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.infobinlog_cache_size = 8Mbinlog_format = MIXEDmax_binlog_cache_size = 20Mmax_binlog_size = 1Gbinlog-ignore-db = mysqlbinlog-ignore-db = performance_schemabinlog-ignore-db = information_schemareplicate-ignore-db = mysqlreplicate-ignore-db = performance_schemareplicate-ignore-db = information_schema innodb_data_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:156M:autoextendinnodb_log_group_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/log-slave-updates = 0back_log = 512transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTEDmax_heap_table_size = 246Minteractive_timeout = 120wait_timeout = 120innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 512Minnodb_file_io_threads = 4innodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 128Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120innodb_file_per_table = 1innodb_open_file = 327500open_files_limit = 327500 [mysqldump]quick = 1max_allowed_packet = 50M [mysql]auto-rehash = 1socket = /mysql/var/db.socketsafe-updates = 0 [myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 256Msort_buffer_size = 256Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout = 100
[root@zabbix backup]# find ./././Monitor./Monitor/2013-03-16-bin-log.000008./Monitor/2013-03-14-bin-log.000006./Monitor/2013-03-16-Monitor.sql./Monitor/2013-03-15-Monitor.sql./Monitor/2013-03-15-bin-log.000007./Monitor/2013-03-14-Monitor.sql ~END~
